IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


'rlM  ilM 

>^^  IM    |||||Z2 


2.0 


.8 


U    III  1.6 


V} 


^ 


n 


/a 


e. 


e/A 


/A 


'/ 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEDSTER.N.Y.  14S80 

(716)  872-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


1980 


tt 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  film'<ig.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


Bl 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


n 


D 
D 
D 
D 

D 


□ 


Couverture  endommagde 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pelliculie 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gdographiques  en  jouleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autiss  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film^es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag6es 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur6es  et/ou  pelliculdes 


I    if  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Lkll    Pages  d6colordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 


I      I    Pages  detached/ 


n 


Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualitd  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seulr.  Edition  disponible 


I  I  Showthrough/ 

I  I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I  I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I  I  Only  edition  available/ 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film^es  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


/ 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


lils 

iu 

difier 

ine 

lage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Nova  Scotia  Public  Archives 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaire  filmd  fut  reproduit  grace  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Nova  Scotia  Public  Archives 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6ti  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet^  de  l'exemplaire  filmd,  et  en 
conformit6  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  film6s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
d<«rnidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film^s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE ',  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  §tre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup^rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  ^  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


ata 


elure. 


J 


i2X 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

.:<^.,, 


<?F?* 


»;::ti 


|w  iipMiw  •iii»^iil(,-.«|! 


^ 


iiP 


PPPPPI^ 


With  the  Compliment^ 


HUBBARD'S 


MAP    or    NEW    ENGLAND, 

ENGRAVED   PROBABLY   BY   JOHN    FOSTER,  THE 
FIRST   PRINTER   OF    BOSTON. 


REMARKS 

XASB  BBVOBB 

THE   MASSACHUSETTS    HISTORICAL    SOCJIETY, 

NOVBMBEH  8,   1888. 


BY 


SAMUEL  ABBOTT  GRjEEN,  M.D. 


^*i. 
'.'"? 


>,  • 


n.  -  ,     - 


*' 


HUBBARD'S 
MAP    OF    NEW    ENGLAND, 

ENGRAVED    PROBABLY    BY    JOHN    FOSTER,   THE 
FIRST    PRINTER    OF    BOSTON. 

REMARKS 


JiX^'-i   BEFORE 


THE    MASSACHUSETTS    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY, 


November  8,  1888. 


BY 


SAMUEL  ABBOTT   GREEN,  M.D. 


Wli{\j  a  JFaC'Sttntle  of  ti)e  fHaii. 


CAMBRIDGE: 
JOHN    WILSON    AND    SON. 

1888. 


HUBBARD'S  MAP  OF  NEW  ENGLAND. 


At  a  meeting  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society,  held  on  November  8,  1888,  Dr.  Samuel  A. 
Green  made  the  following  remarks  on  the  copy  of  a 
Map  of  New  England,  which  he  exhibited  and  which 
appeared  originally  in  Hubbard's  Narrative :  — 

Among  the  earliest  books  issued  from  the  press  of  John 
Foster,  the  pioneer  printer  of  Boston,  was  "  A  Narrative  of 
the  Troubles  with  the  Indians  in  New-England,"  by  William 
Hubbard,  minister  of  Ipswich,  —  now  a  book  of  great  rarity. 
It  was  printed  in  the  early  part  of  the  year  1677,  and  soon 
afterward  was  republished  in  Loudon.  Many  of  the  facts 
were  obtained  by  the  author  from  persons  who  "  were  present 
in  the  particular  Actions  "  ;  and  for  various  other  reasons  the 
work  is  highly  valued  by  American  scholars.  Though  inac- 
curate in  some  respects,  the  Narrative  has  so  prominent  a 
place  among  original  historical  authorities  that  it  can  never 
be  superseded.  Just  before  the  text  are  thirty-four  poetical 
lines  addressed  "  To  the  Reverend  Mr.  William  Hubbard  on 
his  most  exact  History  of  New-Englands  Troubles,'^  signed 
"  J.  S.,"  and  supposed  to  be  by  Jeremiah  Shepard,  minister  of 
Rowley,  which  are  followed  by  thirty-eight  more,  "  Upon  the 
elaborate  Survey  of  New-Englands  Passions  from  the  Natives 
by   the  impartial  Pen  of  that  worthy  Divine  Mr.   William 


r'm 


Hubbard,"  signed  "  B.  T,"  who  was  Benjamin  Tompson,  the 
earliest  native  American  poet. 

The  book  contains  a  Map  of  New  England,  which  is  full  of 
interest  as  being  the  first  one  ever  cut  in  this  country.     It 
was  engraved   for  the  work,  and,  as  might  have  been  ex- 
pected, was  very  crude  in  its  execution  and  inaccurate  in  its 
details.     Unlike  the  common   way  of  showing  the  cardinal 
points,  the  top  of  the  map  represents  the  West,  and  the  bot- 
tom represents  the  East.     There  are  two  heavy  lines  drawn 
up  and  down  (East  and  West),  which  are  intended  to  mark 
the  boundaries  of  the  Massachusetts  Colony.     The  charter,  it 
will  be  remembered,  gave  the  Company  all  the  land  lying 
between  a  parallel  three  miles  south  of  any   part  of  the 
Charles  River,  and  a  similar  parallel  three  miles  north  of  the 
Merrimack  River ;  and  these  lines  were  supposed  to  bound 
this  territory.     The  engraver,  who  evidently  was  not  used  to 
the   relation   of  distances,  included   a  considerable   part  of 
Plymouth  Colony  within  the  jurisdiction  of  Massachusetts ; 
and   even   the   town  of  Plymouth  W3     brought  within   the 
limits  of  the  Bay  Colony.     In  order  to  remedy  this  defect 
and  restore  the  territory  to  the  rightful  owners  he  drew  a 
lighter  line  from  Scituate  to  Medfield,  as  a  concession  to  the 
Old  Colony. 

During  the  past  twenty  years  this  map  has  been  the  subject 
of  considerable  research  on  the  part  of  a  few  bibliographical 
students,  who  have  in  some  instances  printed  the  result  of 
their  investigations.  I  now  purpose  to  make  a  few  remarks 
supplementary  to  the  valuable  notes  on  the  same  subject, 
presented  by  Mr.  Deane,  at  the  last  November  meeting  of  the 
Society. 

Two  years  ago  I  procured  from  Mr.  George  E.  Littlefield, 
the  antiquarian  bookseller  in  Cornhill,  this  copy  of  the  "  Wine 
Hills "  map.  He  had  found  it  in  an  imperfect  copy  of  Wil- 
liam Wood's  "New  Englands  Prospect"  (London,  1635), 
where  it  had  been  inserted  in  the  place  of  another.  Mr. 
Littlefield's  practised  eye  at  once  detected  it  as  the  original 
map  of  Hubbard's  Narrative,  —  which  was  printed  more  than 


)8on,  the 

is  full  of 
I  try.  It 
>een  ex- 
;e  in  its 
cardinal 
the  bot- 
i  drawn 
to  mark 
arter,  it 
d  lying 

of  the 
L  of  the 
)  bound 
used  to 
part  of 
lusetts ; 
lin  the 
I  defect 
drew  a 

to  the 

subject 
aphical 
jsult  of 
em  arks 
lubject, 
:  of  the 

tlefield, 
"  Wine 
3f  Wil- 
1635), 
'.  Mr. 
)riginal 
'e  than 


forty  years  after  Wood's  little  book, — and  I  accordingly 
bought  it.  The  title,  in  the  upper  right-hand  corner,  runs 
thus,  line  for  line :  — 

A   MAP   OF 

JVE^-  EJV^GLJJVD, 

Being  the  firjl  that  a'er  was  here  cut,  and  done 

by  the  bcjl  Pattern  that  could  he  had  which  being 

in  fome  places  defeHive,   it  made  the  other  lefs 

exafl:  yet  doth  it fufficiently  Jliezv  the  Scitua- 

tion  of  the  Countrey,  and  conveniently  well 

the  dijlance  of  Places. 

The  figures  that  are  joyned  with  the  Names  of 
Places  are  to  diftinguifh  fuch  as  have  been  af- 
faulted  by  the  Indians  from  others. 

The  dimensions  of  the  map  are  \\\  inches  by  15-J  inches, 
including  a  border  of  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  width  or  perhaps 
a  trifle  less.  It  was,  without  doubt,  inserted  in  the  volume 
80  that  it  would  face  the  unnumbered  page  immediately  after 
page  132,  which  begins,  "  A  Table  shewing  the  Towns  and 
places,"  etc.  I  have  never  yet  seen  a  copy  of  the  Boston  edi- 
tion of  this  book  in  good  order  and  in  the  original  binding ; 
but  most  other  copies,  on  a  careful  examination,  still  show 
traces  of  the  map  at  the  page  indicated  above.  Furthermore, 
there  is  no  catchword  at  the  bottom  of  page  132,  which  fur- 
nishes another  reason  for  believing  that  a  blank  page  or  a 
map  belongs  in  that  place.  This  statement  does  not  apply  to 
the  London  edition,  where  the  map  was  probably  inserted 
before  the  titlepage.  I  have  seen  a  copy  of  the  English  edi- 
tion, apparently  in  its  original  condition,  so  far  as  the  map 
is  concerned,  and  that  had  a  "  Wine  Hills "  map  at  the 
beginning  of  the  book. 

Mr.  Deane,  in  his  Notes,  has  shown  conclusively  that  the 
"  White  Hills  "  map  was  printed  after  the  "  Wine  Hills"  map 
and  from  a  separate  wood-cut.     It  was  also  a  trifle  larger. 


6 


perhaps  a  third  of  an  inch,  both  in  length  and  width ;  and 
instead  of  a  single  border  line  around  the  edge,  it  has  two 
lines,  of  which  the  outer  line  is  considerably  broader  than  the 
inner  one.  This  map  is  of  extreme  rarity  ;  and  I  have  never 
seen  but  two  copies,  —  one  copy  now  in  the  Lenox  Library, 
and  the  other,  somewhat  imperfect,  which  was  given  to  the 
Historical  Society  in  the  summer  of  1800,  by  the  Reverend 
Isaac  Mansfield,  minister  of  Marblehead.  The  letter  accom- 
panying the  gift  is  still  preserved  among  the  files  of  the  Cor- 
responding Secretary  (Vol.  V.),  and  is  of  sufficient  interest 
to  be  read  with  these  remarks,  as  follows :  — 


bion 
4he 

%88 

tiou 
he 

)0S( 
^BO 

hav 
to 

ces8 
circ 


I     I 


Makblehead  July  1-1800 

Sir,  —  Samuel  Cheever,  graduated  1659,  was  the  first  Minister  in 
this  Town.  His  Son  Amos  Cheever  (my  Grandfather)  graduated 
1707  was  the  first  Minister  in  Manchester. 

The  enclosed  Map  passed  from  Samuel  Cheever  to  Amos  Cheever, 
and  thence  gradatim  to  me;  in  the  Interim  it  was  copied  hy  the 
Grandfather  of  the  present  Col.  Lee  of  this  Town,  who  was  about  & 
after  that  time  a  respectable  Parishioner  of  Amos  Cheever. 

Col.  Lee  observing  my  curiosity,  has  been  so  kind  as  to  compliment 
me  with  his  Grandfathers  copy ;  which  is  to  me  a  luxurious  gratifica- 
tion :  by  which  means  I  am  accommodated  with  a  duplicate. 

The  enclosed  being  the  original  &  probably  the  first  impression  of 
the  kind  that  was  ever  made  from  a  wooden  (not  a  copper)  plate,  I 
feel  disposed  to  deposit  in  the  archives  of  the  historical  Society. 

If  it  may  be  considered  as  acceptable  I  shall  not  only  submit  the 
game,  but  flatter  myself  with  an  Idea  of  being  considered  by  them  as  a 
Friend  to  the  Arts  &  Sciences  in  their  infantile  &  progressive  Stages 

Isaac  Mansfield 
Please   to  excuse  the  porch  being  so  out  of  proportion  with  the 
house  ;  I  do  not  profess  to  be  engaged  in  the  Theory  of  Architecture. 

To  The  Rev?  D'.  John  Eliott,  Corre'>pondiag  Secretary  to  the  HUtorical 

Society,  &c. 

This  copy,  until  it  was  re-backed  more  than  seven  years 
ago,  was  glued  to  a  piece  of  thin  board,  which  was  cracked 
in  several  places,  but  held  together  by  two  cleats,  one  at  each 
end.     It  was  considerably  torn  and  otherwise  in  bad  condi- 


width;  and 

it  has  two 

er  than  the 

have  never 

ox  Library, 

iven  to  the 

3  Reverend 

tter  accom- 

of  the  Cor- 

mt  interest 


ily  1-1800 
>  Minister  in 
)  graduated 

108  Cheever, 
JJed  by  the 
was  about  & 
er. 

compliment 
•us  gratifica- 

• 

npression  of 
ter)  plate,  I 
ety. 
submit  the 
y  them  as  a 
ve  Stages 

Mansfield 
n  with  the 
hitecture. 

lie  Historical 

ven  years 
B  cracked 
le  at  each 
ad  condi- 


\ 


tion,  and  many  fragments  were  missing,  though  presumably  at 
the  time  of  the  gift  it  was  in  better  order.  In  the  spring  of 
-1881  the  map  was  taken  off  of  the  old  back,  piece  by  piece, 
inounted  on  crayon  paper,  and  placed  in  a  frame;  but  during 

ithe  process  it  suffered  from  the  change.     Parts  were  trans- 

,|po8ed,  and  in  this  way  the  dimensions  somewhat  increased; 

^o  much  so  that,  according  to  the  measurements,  it  seems  to 
have  been  struck  from  another  block.  With  no  other  copy 
;to  serve  as  a  guide,  the  reparation  was,  perhaps,  as  suc- 
cessful  as  might    have   been    expected   under  the   existing 

icircumstances. 

In  the  justification  of  its  lines  the  title  of  the  "  White 
•Hills  "  map  varies  a  little  from  that  of  the  "  Wine  Hills " 
one,  as  well  as  the  cut  of  type  used  in  the  word  "New-Eng- 
land "  ;  and  it  reads  as  follows,  line  for  line  :  — 

A    MAP   OF 

JV^E^-  EJ^GLAJ^D, 

Being  the  firjl  that  ever  was  here  cut,  and  done  by 

the  bejl  Pattern  that  could  be  had  which  being  in 

fome  places  defeHive,  it  made  the  other  lefs  exafl: 

yet  doth  it  fufficiently  JJiew  the  Scituation  of 

the  Country,  and  conveniently  well  the 

dijlance  of  Places. 

The  figures  that  are  joyned  with  the  Names  of  Places 
are  to  diftinguifh  fuch  as  have  been  aflaulted 
by  the  Indians  from  others. 

There  is  no  reason  to  doubt  the  fact  that  both  these  wood- 
cuts were  made  here,  as  is  stated  in  the  title,  and  that  the 
impressions  were  struck  off  in  Foster's  printing-office.  The 
types  for  the  title  were  mortised  in  the  block,  and  they  cor- 
respond exactly  with  fonts  then  in  use  by  Foster,  as  a 
comparison  of  Hubbard's  Narrative,  Mather's  Brief  History 
(Boston,  1676),  and  other  books  bearing  his  imprint  will 
show. 


Unfortunately  neither  the  designer  nor  the  engraver  of  the 
map  is  now  known  positively,  and  its  origin  is  left  to  conjec- 
ture. There  is  some  reason  for  supposing  that  it  was  pre- 
pared by  the  author  of  the  Narrative  and  engraved  by  the 
printer.  It  was  made  with  special  reference  to  the  towns 
which  were  assaulted  b}'  the  Indians  during  the  previous  year, 
and  was  adapted  to  the  text  in  the  "Table."  Who  could  do 
this  so  well  as  Mr.  Hubbard?  Mr.  Torapson,  in  his  poetical 
lines  already  referred  to,  alludes  to  "  thy  new  Map,"  which 
might  mean  the  map  made  under  Hubbard's  direction  and 
supervision. 

It  is  a  matter  of  history  that  John  Foster  was  an  engraver 
as  well  as  a  printer,  though  probably  his  business  as  such  was 
very  limited.  He  died  so  young,  —  at  the  early  age  of  thirty- 
two  years,  —  that  he  scarcely  had  an  opportunity  to  reach 
any  distinction  in  this  branch  of  art.  In  James  Blake's 
Annals  of  Dorchester  (Boston,  1846),  under  the  year  1681, 
it  is  recorded:  — 


|haj 
Ihe 

the  I 
11 

iblel 

thinl 

refei 

the 

gra\ 

of  t 


This  year  Died  Mr.  John  Foster,  Son  of  Capt.  Hopestill  Foster ; 
School-master  of  Dorchester,  and  be  that  made  the  then  Seal  or  Arras 
of  y'  Colony,  namely  an  Indian  with  a  Bow  &  Arrow  &c.     (Page  29.) 

Mr.  Blake  was  born  at  Dorchester,  on  April  30,  1688,  and 
died  on  December  4,  1750 ;  and  of  course  he  was  familiar 
with  all  the  local  traditions  of  the  town.  His  Annals  were 
not  published,  however,  until  nearly  a  century  after  his 
death. 

It  is  known  that  the  origin  of  the  Colonial  seal  dates  back 
to  the  earliest  days  of  the  Charter,  so  that  this  allusion  must 
be  to  the  engraver,  and  not  to  the  designer.  The  annalist 
probably  referred  to  the  wood-cut  impression  of  the  "  Seal 
or  Arms  of  y^  Colony "  which  appears  in  Increase  Mather's 
"  Brief  History  of  the  Warr  with  the  Indians  in  New-Eng- 
land" (page  15),  printed  by  Foster  only  a  few  months  before 
the  publication  of  Hubbard's  Narrative.  The  cut  was  un- 
doubtedly used  in  order  to  give   an   official   appearance  or 


L 


9 


raver  of  the 
ft  to  conjee- 
it  was  pre- 
aved  by  the 
the   towns 
■evious  year, 
ho  could  do 
his  poetical 
lap,"  which 
rection  and 

m  engraver 
as  such  was 
e  of  thirty- 
ty  to  reach 
les  Blake's 
year  1681, 

still  Foster; 

eal  or  Arras 

(Page  29.) 

1688,  and 

IS  familiar 

mals  were 

after  his 

ates  back 
sion  must 
i  annalist 
he  "Seal 

Mather's 
'few-Eng- 
hs  before 

was  un- 
rauce  or 


feharacter  to  the  various  papers  and  documents   printed  for 
^he  Colonial  authorities.     It  is  of  rude  workmanship,  but  dis- 
)lay8,  perhaps,  a   little    more  artistic  skill  than  is  shown  by 
^he  engraver  of  the  map. 
The  late  John  Allen  Lewis,  in  writing  of  the  printer,  says : 


I  It  has  been  for  some  years  one  of  my  desires  to  prepare  an  accept- 
able memoir  of  John  Foster,  and  to  that  end  T  have  preserved  every- 
thing that  was  purchasable  coming  from  his  press,  and  every  item 
referring  to  him.  After  a  while  I  came  to  look  upon  Foster  as  one  of 
the  great  men  of  that  great  age,  —  a  scholar,  a  thinker,  a  printer,  en- 
graver, clieraist,  —  a  man  worthy  of  the  love,  friendship,  and  admiration 
of  the  Mathers.  Had  Foster  lived  to  the  age  that  Franklin  reached, 
Franklin  might  have  been  called  a  "  second  Foster."  (Sibley's  Har- 
vard Graduates,  II.  226.) 

At  the  time  of  Foster's  death  in  Dorchester,  on  September  9, 
1681,  a  funeral  elegy  was  composed  by  his  friend,  Thomas 
Tileston,  and  dedicated  to  his  memory.  In  these  verses  the 
author  speaks  of  him  as  "  a  cunning  Artist,"  and  refers  to  "  his 
accurate  Geography."  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  these  allu- 
Rions  are  to  the  engraver  and  the  map.  In  the  inventory  of 
Foster's  estate,  dated  October  6,  1G81,  his  "  carving  tooles  " 
—  which  could  be  no  other  than  engraver's  tools  —  and  also 
"his  cutts  &  colours"  are  mentioned.  What  "colours"  are 
referred  to,  I  do  not  know,  but  evidently  the  "  cutts  "  were 
his  engraved  blocks.  During  the  night  of  September  16, 1690, 
nine  years  after  his  death,  a  printing-office  in  Boston  was 
burned,^  which  was  the  one  that  belonged  probably  to  his 
lineal,  though  not  immediate,  successor  in  business ;  and  thus, 
perhaps,  disappeared  the  last  vestige  of  his  handicraft  with 
these  "  carving  tooles." 

It  has  been  a  subject  of  some  interest  at  what  particular 
period  of  the  year  Hubbard's  Narrative  first  appeared  in  Bos- 
ton. By  itself  the  matter  is  of  little  importance,  but  the  ques- 
tion is  connected  with  certain  other  collateral  ones.  It  has 
been  assumed  that  this  edition  of  the  work  was  set  up  after 

1  Historical  Magazine,  I.  229. 


10 


} 


the  date  of  the  Colonial  license,  which  is  probably  not  the  fact! 
The  book  was  printed,  though  perhaps  only  the  first  part,  and 
circulated  before  March  19,  1676-7.     Under  this  date  Johr^ 
Cotton  writes  from  Plymouth  to  Increase  Mather,  as  follows: 

I  could  have  desired  to  have  kept  your  booke  a  few  days  longer! 
whereby  it  might  have  bin  filled  with  marginal  notes  of  Erratas.  Oui 
Gov'  &  Magi8trat[es]  had  some  cursory  perusall  of  the  booke,  the  mis] 
takes  are  Judged  to  be  many  more  than  the  truths  in  it.  Our  Gov'  &^ 
JMag's  doe  affirm  that  Alexander  was  got  home  before  he  dyed.^ 


% 


By  the  light  of  subsequent  letters,  it  is  certain  that  the 
book  here  referred  to  was  Hubbard's  Narrative ;  and  it  it 
equally  clear  that  it  was  not  in  manuscript,  though  it  maj"| 
have  been  an  advance  copy.  This  free  expression  of  opinions 
by  Cotton  caused  some  hard  feeling  toward  hirn  on  the  part  of  I 
Hubbard,  and  occasioned  a  sharp  correspondence.  The  au-  v 
thor  of  the  Narrative  was  desirous  to  obtain  from  the  Plymouth  J 
authorities  an  approval  of  his  work,  similar  to  that  given  by^ 
the  Colony  of  Massachusetts,  but  the  wish  was  not  gratified. 

I  am  aware  that  the  date  "  April,  1677,"  appears  in  the^ 
text  of  the  first  part,  near  the  end,  which  at  first  sight  would 
indicate  that  the  book  was  printed  after  that  time  ;  but  a 
double-leaded  space  immediately  before  this  date,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  foregoing  facts,  leaves  it  a  fair  inference  that 
these  few  lines  were  added  after  the  main  portion  of  the  first 
part  had  appeared. 

In  the  Boston  edition  of  the  Narrative  are  two  lists  of 
Errata,  —  one  of  them  appearing  near  the  beginning  of  the 
book,  and  the  other  at  the  end.  In  the  London  edition  there 
is  no  similar  list,  thougli  the  corrections  for  the  most  part 
have  been  duly  made,  which  shows  that  the  English  printers 
had  the  benefit  of  them  both. 

1  Collectiona«liBBi  series,  VIII.  232. 
A 


''ir 


u 


•MMM 


■"""■"""nwi^vm* 


■^TT 


\y  not  the  fac 
!  first  part,  an 
this  date  Johr, 
3r,  as  follows : 

few  days  longer, 
f  Erratas.  On 
»  booke,  the  mis 
it.  Our  Gov'  & 
he  dyed.^ 

'tain  that  the  I 
e ;  and  it  isj  | 
bough  it  ma}' 
on  of  opinionl 
on  the  part  of^ 
ce.  The  au- 
the  Plymouth 
hat  given  byf 
ot  gratified.  I 
ppears  in  the*^ 
:  sight  wouldi 
time ;  but  a| 
e,  in  connec-l 
iference  that* 
I  of  the  first  I 

two  lists  of,;, 
fining  of  the^ 
edition  there 
e  most  part 
lish  printers 


7^ 


A    MAP   OF 

NEfF-ENqLAND, 

Bei^g  the  firft  that  ever  was  here  eut^  Mnddone 

by  the  heft  ?»ttern  thst  could  he  had  which  being 

infomepUeesdefeQ'ivfyit  made  the  other  left 

exfEl:  yet  doth  it  fuffieientlyffew  the  Seitt*' 

tion  of  the  CoHHtrey,  and  tonveniently  weU 

the  difiance  of  Placet, 

The  figures  that  are  joj^ned   with  the   Names  of 
Places  are  to  diftinguifh  fuch  as  have  beea  af- 


'I. 


""-U 


\ 


''■^'?Kr: 


r  i."-.-."Vcr-«*f.«'i5K«« 


lNew/icv«ien 


A  FAC-SIMILE  OF   HUBBARD'S  MAP  OF 

From  a  cofy  owned  hy  Dr.  Samotsl  A.  Grkkh, 


.>  m''£r$'*hW:^. 


•loB 


m. 


Z 


V  2     -.  t  § 


A    M  AP   OF 


KEW-ENqLAND, 


Bting  the  firft  that  tvfr  mti  birt «»»,  smdJane 

hy  the  k^  ftttern  thst  c»uld  be  bad  mhieb  being 

iMfmeplMttdefeaivf,  it  tmttde  tbeothtr  hU 

exta:  yet  doth  it  fuffieieHttypte*  the  Seiti^- 

ttemftbe  Cotnurey^  amd  eoHvenientfy  mtO 

the  diftanee  of  Pheet, 

The  figurei  that  ire  joyned  with  the  Namn  rf 
Piac^  are  to  diftinguifh  fiich  u  hare  been  aT- 
taulted  by  the  IndiMS  from  others 


fi 


A  Setle  offMj  Miles. 


1= 


ThesWTiieJlinS: 


wtoii* 


J$t 


wi/er 


14/ 


^"^'^•Haiito'i 


I  L^ifc— ^M^».^i^fc— ^^^— ^^^         ^ 


I6)ii['.>'ic^7^- 


5^ 


L'  je  m'.  5-  ^.^ 


::^r^:^i3;=S^^ 


mtio- 


r.y/f.   ' 


^j^'^^m^^^' 


htlutpe  Printing  Co  .B'JotKi. 


A.RD'S  MAP  OF   NEW   ENGLAND. 

7r.  Sakitkl  A.  Grbbw,  Boston,  rSS8. 


